Use of Force
New York State Use of Force Reporting Law Executive Law §837-t; effective July 11, 2019
NYS Use of Force Data Collection, Analysis and Reporting Regulation 9 NYCRR Part 6058
New York State Division of Criminal Justice Services (DCJS) Use of Force and Arrest Related Death: Questions and Answers
NYS (DCJS) Office of Public Safety Metropolitan Police Training Council Use of Force Model Policy - September 2020
NYS DCJS Use of Force Incidents Report (July 11, 2019 - October 31, 2020) - Published July 2021
Incidents by Agency (7.11.19 - 10.21.21) .csv file format
The Use of Force Continuum
U.S. Department of Justice
FBI says new data on police use of force is coming this summer
June 1, 2020 | Kimberly Adams | Marketplace.org
National Use-of-Force Data Collection
U.S. DOJ FBI
Use of Force Reporting 2019
State of California Department of Justice OpenJustice Portal
NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services Municipal Training Council Use of Force Model Policy
Sep 2020
Guiding Principles on Use of Force
Mar 2016 | Police Executive Research Forum (PERF)
Active Bystandership for Law Enforcement (ABLE) Project - Georgetown Law
The Georgetown Innovative Policing Program, partnering with global law firm Sheppard Mullin, has created the ABLE* (Active Bystandership for Law Enforcement) Project to prepare officers to successfully intervene to prevent harm and to create a law enforcement culture that supports peer intervention.
The ABLE Project is a national hub for training, technical assistance, and research, all with the aim of creating a police culture in which officers routinely intervene as necessary to:
Prevent misconduct
Avoid police mistakes, and
Promote officer health and wellness.
Duty to Intervene
In its June 2016 decision in Figueroa v. Mazza, et al., the U.S. Court of Appeals 2nd Circuit held, in relevant part: “A police officer is under a duty to intercede and prevent fellow officers from subjecting a citizen to excessive force and may be held liable for his failure to do so if he observes the use of force and has sufficient time to act to prevent it . . . liability attaches on the theory that the officer, by failing to intervene, becomes a ‘tacit collaborator’ in the illegality.”
Departments seek to educate cops on how to prevent peers from using excessive force
Oct 9, 2020 | American Police Beat
EPIC | Ethical Policing is Courageous
Ethical Policing Is Courageous (EPIC) is a peer intervention program developed by the NOPD, in collaboration with community partners, to promote a culture of high-quality and ethical policing. EPIC educates, empowers, and supports the officers on the streets to play a meaningful role in “policing” one another. EPIC is a peer intervention program that teaches officers how to intervene to stop a wrongful action before it occurs.
“It is curious that physical courage should be so common in the world and moral courage so rare.” —Mark Twain
Mapping fatal police violence across U.S. metropolitan areas: Overall rates and racial/ethnic inequities, 2013-2017
Jun 24, 2020 | Gabriel L. Schwartz, Jaquelyn L. Jahn | PLoS ONE
Black Americans are 3.23 times more likely than white Americans to be killed by police.
The Science of Justice: Race, Arrests, and Police Use of Force
Center for Policing Equity (PDF)
C-Span Clip of Dr. Goff Testimony at Senate Hearing on Police Use of Force and Community Policing
Jun 16, 2020 (5:32)
Campaign Zero – An Agenda To End Police Violence
Police Accountability Tool – Compare Cities; Search by Police Department and by Victim’s Name:
Racial Disparities in Police Use of Deadly Force Against Unarmed Individuals Persist After Appropriately Benchmarking Shooting Data on Violent Crime Rates
Jun 18, 2020 | Cody T. Ross, Bruce Winterhalder, Richard McElreath (PDF)
DEADLY FORCE POLICE Use of Lethal Force In The United States (2015)
Amnesty International
Militarization and police violence: The case of the 1033 program
Jun 14, 2017 | Casey Delehanty, Jack Mewhirter, Ryan Welch
New York bill seeks to limit police use of deadly force
May 23, 2021 | Michael R. Sisak | Associated Press
The Washington Post Fatal Force Database
In 2015, The Washington Post began to log every fatal shooting by an on-duty police officer in the United States. In that time there have been more than 5,000 such shootings recorded by The Post.
Police Send Thousands of People to the ER Every Year
That's probably an undercount. But data from San Jose offers a glimpse of what the national scale of police violence might be.
June 23, 2021 | The Marshall Project
Risk of being killed by police use of force in the United States by age, race–ethnicity, and sex
Aug. 20, 2019 | PNAS
Racial Bias Audit of the Charleston, South Carolina, Police Department
Nov. 7, 2019 | CNA